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Vulcan Black Stoneware (Fine) 1200-1240C
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Vulcan™ Black Stoneware (Fine) 164-VUF | Recommended firing 1200-1240C / Cone 5-6*
See notes below regarding Vulcan recipe adjustment 2022/23
Vulcan Black Stoneware is unlike any other on the market, providing an unusual intense brown-black colour when fired in an oxidising atmosphere. In a reducing atmosphere a metallic finish with shades of blue is obtained (Note: Too-heavy reduction will cause bloating).Containing 40% fine grog (up to 80 mesh), Vulcan Black Stoneware (Fine) has been formulated for artistic ceramics. It behaves excellently during drying/firing and its high plasticity makes it ideal for modelling. It is widely used for murals and sculpture and is ideal for detailed work. Supplied in a 12.5kg bag.
Caution
Vulcan Black Stoneware (Fine) can be sensitive to too-fast cooling. It is recommended not to open the kiln until it has reached room temperature to avoid cooling breaks, especially in flat and thin pieces. Keep vent plugs in place during cooling. Do not open/crack open the kiln lid to rush the natural cooling process.
SIO2 Technical Data:
- Firing range: 1200-1240C / Cone 5-6
- Texture 1-2 on our indicative texture scale, smooth1, coarse 10.
- Biscuit: Cone 06 (1855ºF)
- Water content: 21%
- Plasticity (IP Atterberg): 22
- Carbonate content (CaCO3): 0%
- Drying shrinkage: 7.0%
- Firing shrinkage at Cone 6: 7.1%
- Porosity (water absorption) at Cone 6: 1.3%
- Dry bending strength: 4.6 N/mm2
- Fired bending strength at Cone 6: 33.3 N/mm2
- Thermal coefficient (a25-500ºC): 51.1x10-7ºC-1
(*) Firing range recommended for the clay to develop its best performance, both in terms of technical and safety characteristics, under conventional firing conditions. The colour samples may show temperatures outside the recommended range to provide a broader view, but these are pieces fired under controlled conditions.
TECHNICAL NOTES
Recipe Adjustment for Vulcan Bodies 2022/23:
From batch number 2322 (Production Week 23, 2022), due to unavailability of a raw material SIO-2 were forced to make an adjustment to the Vulcan recipe. This increased the sensitivity of the body to the thermal expansion of the glaze when fired at the upper end of the recommended range (for 164-VUF, 1240c/cone 6). However - from batch 2723 (Production Week 27, 2023) SIO-2 made a further adjustment with successful results under the same conditions where there were failures previously. For older batches between 2322 and 2723, SIO-2's primary advice continues to be to use glazes with a medium-high thermal expansion - further information in the technical notes below. Through our own tests here at Potclays, we recommend not to exceed Cone 6 with these batches, and if your controller will allow, it is beneficial to programme a controlled cooling segment <50c/hr from 200-50C.
- Vulcan Black Stoneware (Fine) 164-VUF is suitable for tableware (food-safe), according to ISO 6486 when fired as recommended (less than 3% porosity).
- Vulcan clay bodies are non-toxic according to European Rules (CLP) and also American Rules (ASTM D 4236). The manganese dioxide content in Vulcan bodies is lower than 5%: Under the CLP regulation, the manganese dioxide content required for classification as toxic must be greater than 25%.
- Vulcan Black Stoneware is no longer recommended for use in casting slips due to the high plasticity which makes it difficult to correctly deflocculate.
When glazing:
- Use zinc-free (Zn-free) glazes to prevent unexpected reactions such as bubbling or colour changes. Other elements that can react are zirconium (Zr) and tin (Sn). We have found that Mayco zinc-free clear glaze is suitable for use with Vulcan bodies and does not seem to suffer from the usual problems caused by outgassing from the high oxide levels in black bodies. Many ^6 commercial glazes such as Mayco perform well on Vulcan but trial-and-error is needed. Also see our potclaysglazes Instagram feed/highlights.
- With older batches of 164-VUF and VUM mentioned above, SIO-2 warn against using glazes with a low coefficient of thermal expansion (a25-300ºC <60x10-7ºC-1). The Vulcan clay fired at high temperature has a high coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of 100 to 200ºC, which causes tensions between the glaze and the body, mainly in pieces glazed on one side only, which can cause breakage during cooling in the kiln or even later (for example, when pouring hot water inside). Check with your usual glaze supplier to ensure that you use glazes with a medium-high coefficient of thermal expansion (a25-300ºC >60x10-7ºC-1).
To comply with RHA regulations concerning tail-lift deliveries (where there is no fork-lift truck available at the delivery point) the maximum net weight of clay we are now permitted to pack on standard pallet is 950kg (76 x 12.5kg bags of clay). To achieve the best price for your clay, please add the full 1000kg to your cart when checking out and we will make the necessary weight adjustment/refund when we receive the order.
We have added cone numbers to our firing ranges for guidance purposes. Please refer to the 60c/hr column for large regular or self-supporting cones on the Orton Cones Conversion Chart which can be downloaded here.
Technical data is approximate and provided for guidance only. Our Clay Analyses sheet can be downloaded here.
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